The Need for Legal Accountability in Dorbar Shnong Governance

New Delhi, India Jul 14, 2026 ALN: A growing debate in Meghalaya concerns whether the institution of the Dorbar Shnong has acquired powers unmatched by corresponding legal accountability. The Dorbar Shnong, a traditional village council, is deeply rooted in the socio-cultural fabric of the Khasi Hills and serves as a pivotal mechanism for local governance. However, the evolution of its role and authority has sparked discussions about the need for legal frameworks that ensure accountability and transparency. While the Dorbar Shnong has historically performed important community functions, the contemporary context demands a reevaluation of its powers and responsibilities in light of modern governance principles.

Traditionally, Dorbar Shnongs have acted as a guiding force in their respective communities, making decisions on matters ranging from land use to conflict resolution. However, the debate today is whether they should exercise public authority without clear constitutional and legal safeguards. One notable concern is the arbitrary nature of the functions carried out by various Dorbar Shnongs. Each Shnong has its own Constitution, which reflects local customs and practices. However, as an offshoot of the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, there is an expectation that these local governing bodies should adhere to a uniform set of governance rules to prevent any Dorbar from overstepping its limits.

The Sixth Schedule was designed to protect the rights of indigenous communities in Meghalaya and other northeastern states by granting them a degree of autonomy. However, the lack of a standardized legal framework for Dorbar Shnongs raises questions about their accountability. The rapid changes overtaking society, particularly with a significant portion of the population transitioning to a more capitalistic lifestyle, have further complicated the role of these traditional institutions. In many instances, the Dorbar Shnong has been reduced to a mere “no objection certificate” issuing body, often prioritizing economic transactions over community welfare.

One glaring example of the Dorbar Shnong's questionable governance can be seen in the construction practices within Shillong. Buildings are being erected dangerously close to rivers, often disregarding the mandatory six-foot distance that is supposed to be maintained. This disregard for environmental regulations reflects not only a failure of the Dorbar Shnong to exercise its powers ethically but also a troubling trend where economic interests overshadow community health and environmental integrity. Rivers, revered by the Khasis and woven into their folklore, are essential for both ecological balance and cultural identity. Allowing construction on riverbanks poses significant risks, including the contamination of water sources due to untreated sewage and grey water being discharged directly into these rivers.

Moreover, the Dorbar Shnong has a responsibility to enforce laws that prevent pollution, such as prohibiting the washing of vehicles in rivers. In areas like Nongmynsong, however, there are allegations that the Dorbar Shnong permits such activities, potentially due to financial incentives from vehicle owners. This raises ethical concerns about the motivations behind decision-making processes within the Dorbar Shnong, suggesting that financial gain may be prioritized over environmental protection and community welfare.

Land transactions further illustrate the arbitrary nature of governance within the Dorbar Shnong framework. Each Dorbar Shnong sets its own rates for land sales and purchases, leading to inconsistencies and a lack of transparency in land dealings. The absence of standard amounts established by the District Councils or the State Government creates an environment ripe for exploitation, where individuals may be subjected to unfair practices. This inconsistency not only undermines trust in local governance but also affects the economic stability of communities.

The powers of the Dorbar Shnong are derived from customary law, local traditions, and legislation from the Autonomous District Councils that govern headmen and traditional institutions. As a result, the powers and procedures can differ significantly from one village to another. For instance, while the Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council has made strides in defining certain duties—such as maintaining records, keeping accounts, convening meetings, and recording decisions—these reforms do not constitute a comprehensive constitutional framework. The lack of uniformity can lead to disparities in governance, creating confusion and potential injustices among residents.

Another pressing issue is that many Dorbar Shnongs exercise functions that directly affect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have the authority to issue residential certificates, regulate tenancy, register residents, and control access to community resources. In some cases, the Dorbar Shnong even influences who may conduct business or reside within a locality. While these functions are intended to maintain order and promote community welfare, the potential for arbitrary decision-making raises significant concerns about the infringement of individual rights. The Constitution mandates that such powers be exercised fairly and without discrimination, yet the lack of oversight and accountability mechanisms can lead to abuses of power.

Given these challenges, it is imperative that the Autonomous District Councils take proactive steps to enact uniform laws that establish minimum standards for all Dorbar Shnongs. This includes mandating written constitutions that clearly specify powers, procedures, tenure, election or selection methods, and financial accountability. Such reforms would not only enhance transparency but also ensure that Dorbar Shnongs comply with Articles 14, 15, and 21 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantee equality, non-discrimination, and due process.

Moreover, it is crucial to ensure the equal participation of women in village governance. Traditionally, women have had limited representation in Dorbar Shnong decision-making processes, which can perpetuate gender inequality within communities. By promoting gender-inclusive governance, Dorbar Shnongs can better reflect the diverse perspectives and needs of their constituents.

In conclusion, the need for legal accountability in Dorbar Shnong governance is becoming increasingly urgent. As Meghalaya continues to navigate the complexities of modern society, it is essential that traditional institutions adapt to contemporary governance standards. Establishing a clear legal framework for Dorbar Shnongs will not only enhance accountability but also empower communities to thrive in a rapidly changing world. The preservation of cultural heritage must go hand in hand with the pursuit of justice, equality, and sustainable development, ensuring that the Dorbar Shnong remains a relevant and respected institution in the lives of the people it serves.